About North Cyprus · Native and endemic trees

Native and endemic trees of Cyprus and North Cyprus

As of 28 October 2026, the Republic of Cyprus Department of Forests leaflet The flora of the forests of Cyprus calls Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) the only endemic tree of the island and also marks golden oak (Quercus alnifolia), which it lists among the tall shrubs, as endemic. The leaflet places both in the Troodos and Paphos Forest area, in the southern part of the island according to the University of Hohenheim, and no source opened puts either in the Kyrenia (Beşparmak) range. For that range the sources name Calabrian (Turkish) pine and Mediterranean cypress. This page sorts trees by status and says where each source places them.

Checked 28 October 2026 against the sources named in the text and listed below. Positions of parties are attributed to them.

How the sources label native, endemic and introduced trees

The Department of Forests of the Republic of Cyprus publishes a leaflet, The flora of the forests of Cyprus (Press and Information Office, P.I.O. 158/2008), that marks each listed plant with a letter: (N) for native and (E) for endemic, meaning restricted to Cyprus. This page uses that convention for the island-wide status of a tree, and it reports where each source places the tree, which is a separate question from its status.

The University of Hohenheim Institute of Botany seminar slides (January 2019) describe the Beşparmak (Kyrenia) range as a limestone range rising to 1,024 m and the Troodos range as a volcanic range rising to 1,952 m. Hohenheim places the Troodos range in the southern part of the island, which is the area administered by the Republic of Cyprus, and it places the cedar "in the Troodos range" and the endemic oak "only in the Troodos mountains". The Paphos Forest comes from the leaflet and from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page, not from the Hohenheim slides.

status labels
Native (N) and endemic (E) in the Department of Forests leaflet
The leaflet lists trees, shrubs, subshrubs and herbs of the forests and marks each with (N) native or (E) endemic. It says the forests and forest land are restricted mainly to the Troodos and Pentadactylos mountain ranges, with smaller plots at their feet and in plains and hilly regions.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
forest categories
Four categories of forest land in the leaflet
The Department of Forests leaflet distinguishes natural pine forests; reforestations and afforestations, mainly with Pinus brutia; maquis, garigue, phrygana and grasslands; and bare land such as dams and mines. It adds that for management purposes the forests are classed as Main State Forests and Minor State Forests.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
classification
Native, introduced and unclear-status taxa (Hohenheim)
The Hohenheim overview slides count 2002 taxa on Cyprus: 1640 native taxa, 244 introduced taxa occurring in the wild, 42 hybrids and 84 species with unclear status. The slides attribute the island's richness to variation in geology and climate.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
reference
Pinus brutia in Plants of the World Online (Kew)
Plants of the World Online lists Cyprus among the countries in the native range of Pinus brutia and summarises the range as the southern Balkan Peninsula to north-west Iran and Lebanon. It lists Algeria, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia and Western Australia as places where it has been introduced.
Source: powo.science.kew.org
reference
Cupressus sempervirens in Plants of the World Online (Kew)
Plants of the World Online marks Cupressus sempervirens L. as an accepted name and lists Cyprus among its native areas, summarising the native range as the Eastern Mediterranean to Iran. It has a separate, longer list of places where the tree is introduced.
Source: powo.science.kew.org
conservation category
Conservation categories quoted for the endemic woody plants
The Department of Forests leaflet says Cyprus cedar was regarded as Vulnerable in the IUCN list of 1996 and as Rare in the 1991 European Red List. A later page by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh cites a 2011 IUCN assessment of Vulnerable under criterion D2; Wikipedia cites a 2017 IUCN assessment of Least Concern for golden oak.
Source: threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk

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Endemic to Cyprus: Cyprus cedar, the only endemic tree, and golden oak, listed as a tall shrub

According to the Department of Forests leaflet, Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) is marked (E) and is "the only endemic tree of Cyprus". It is restricted around Tripylos peak in the Paphos Forest, from 800 to 1,400 m. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page on threatened conifers says it is restricted to the Tripylos area of Paphos State Forest in the Troodos Mountains in western Cyprus and lists five natural stands. No source opened for this page places it in the Kyrenia range or elsewhere in the north.

The same leaflet marks golden oak (Quercus alnifolia) as (E), growing from 500 to 1,800 m and "restricted on Troodos mountain range". The Hohenheim overview slides likewise describe an endemic oak that occurs "only in the Troodos mountains". Both are island-wide facts about Cyprus, and both place the tree in the Troodos range, in the part of the island administered by the Republic of Cyprus.

The leaflet lists golden oak under B.1. Tall Shrubs and calls Cyprus cedar the only endemic tree. Wikipedia describes golden oak as an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 10 m. This page therefore reports the cedar as the endemic tree and golden oak as an endemic woody plant.

endemic tree
Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia): range in the leaflet
The Department of Forests leaflet says it is restricted around Tripylos peak (Paphos Forest) from 800 to 1,400 m and is the only endemic tree of Cyprus. It adds that the species was listed Vulnerable by IUCN in 1996 and Rare in the 1991 European Red List.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
endemic tree
Cyprus cedar: stands, numbers and threats
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page names five natural stands (Tripylos, Mauroi Kremoi, Sellae tis Ellias, Throni and Exo Milos) and says most trees are at Tripylos, giving that location a 1.99 km² area of occupancy and 16,000 mature individuals (d.b.h. ≥12 cm); both figures are for Tripylos only. It says fire is the main threat, with all stands designated Natura 2000 sites.
Source: threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk
endemic tree
Cyprus cedar: taxonomy and Cedar Valley (Wikipedia, secondary)
Wikipedia says some botanists treat the tree as a variety of the cedar of Lebanon and others as a separate species, Cedrus brevifolia. It places the tree in the Cedar Valley of Pafos State Forest at 800 to 1,400 m, sometimes in mixed stands with Pinus brutia, Quercus alnifolia and Platanus orientalis, and does not mention the Kyrenia range.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
endemic woody plant
Golden oak (Quercus alnifolia): range in the leaflet
The Department of Forests leaflet marks Quercus alnifolia (golden oak) as (E), growing from 500 to 1,800 m and restricted to the Troodos mountain range. The entry is listed under B.1. Tall Shrubs.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
endemic woody plant
Golden oak in the Hohenheim overview
The Hohenheim slides say oak forest is a less frequent forest type restricted to small areas, and that Cyprus has an endemic oak, Quercus alnifolia, only in the Troodos mountains. The slides pair it with riparian forest, where Platanus orientalis is named.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
endemic woody plant
Golden oak: habit and assessment (Wikipedia, secondary)
Wikipedia describes Quercus alnifolia as an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 10 m, confined to the igneous Troodos Massif at 400 to 1,800 m, and gives it an IUCN Least Concern assessment from 2017. Its altitude range differs slightly from the leaflet's 500 to 1,800 m.
Source: en.wikipedia.org

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Native conifers: pine, cypress and juniper

The Department of Forests leaflet marks Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) and Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) as native. It describes the pine as the dominant species forming extensive forests on the Troodos and Pentadactylos mountain ranges and in other regions, and the cypress as found in abundance on the Pentadactylos range, in mixed stands with the pine. These are the tree names the sources most often attach to the Kyrenia range.

The Hohenheim pine slides (January 2019) call Pinus brutia the most important forest tree on Cyprus and list the Kyrenia Mountains among the places where it occurs in large populations. The slides say Cupressus sempervirens coincides with the pine only in very dry places such as the southern side of the Kyrenia Mountains. Above about 1,500 m in the Troodos range the pine is replaced by black pine.

For Phoenician juniper (Juniperus phoenicea) the leaflet gives a lowland range and names the Pentadactylos range and the Karpasia peninsula among the places where it occurs. The pines and junipers of the Troodos range are island-wide facts and are not evidence of those trees in the north.

native conifer
Calabrian pine, Pinus brutia: leaflet entry
The leaflet marks it (N), says it thrives up to 1,200 m and calls it the dominant species forming extensive forests on the Troodos and Pentadactylos ranges and in other regions. For the Beşparmak range, the Hohenheim slides name Turkish pine as the main tree of today's forests.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native conifer
Pinus brutia: distribution (Hohenheim)
The Hohenheim pine slides say Pinus brutia is the most important forest tree on Cyprus, that large populations occur in the Kyrenia Mountains, and that only Pinus brutia var. brutia occurs on Cyprus. They give its altitude range as from sea level to about 1,500 m.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
native conifer
Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens: leaflet entry
The leaflet marks it (N), says it thrives up to 1,200 m, is found in abundance on the Pentadactylos mountain range and forms mixed stands with Pinus brutia.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native conifer
Cypress and pine together: dry southern slopes
The Hohenheim pine slides say the cypress coincides with Pinus brutia only in very dry places like the southern side of the Kyrenia Mountains. The Beşparmak slides call it the second most frequent tree of those forests, found on dry sites and mainly on southern slopes.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
native conifer
Phoenician juniper, Juniperus phoenicea: leaflet entry
The leaflet marks it (N) and says it thrives up to 400 m, is one of the dominant species of Cyprus maquis, and occurs on the Pentadactylos mountain range, in the Karpasia peninsula, at Cape Greko and on the Akamas peninsula.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native conifer
Phoenician juniper: Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education
CYCERE's "species of March 2020" page says the species ranges from sea level to 500 m, grows as shrubs in parts of the coastal zone and reaches up to 10 m. It names Akamas and Karpasias as places with preserved Phoenician juniper forests, and describes its hard, rot-resistant wood as used in housing until the early 20th century.
Source: kykpee.org
native conifer
Troodos conifers: Troodos pine and Troodos juniper
The leaflet marks Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana (Troodos pine) as native, forming thick forests around the central Troodos area from 1,200 to 1,950 m, and Juniperus foetidissima (Troodos juniper) as native in mixed stands with it from 1,500 to 1,950 m. The Hohenheim slides say the black-pine forest occurs only in the Troodos range.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy

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Native broadleaved trees and small trees

The Department of Forests leaflet lists as native the oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), alder (Alnus orientalis), willow (Salix alba), Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra), two oaks, Pistacia atlantica and carob. It describes the plane and the alder as trees of river and stream banks up to 1,500 m. The Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education names Akamas, Paphos and Troodos for the plane, and says it is rare or absent on the Mesaoria plain. None of the sources opened places the plane in the north.

For small trees and tall shrubs, the leaflet marks terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus), Greek strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne) and wild olive (Olea europaea) as native. The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides place terebinth and Greek strawberry tree in the forests and maquis of the Beşparmak range, and say that in Cyprus terebinth fruits are used for baking a bread.

Cultivated olive and carob are covered on their own pages, olive groves and olive oil and carob, hawthorn and local crops. For maquis shrubs and the plant communities of the north, see flora and fauna.

native broadleaf
Oriental plane, Platanus orientalis: leaflet entry
The leaflet marks it (N) and says it thrives along river and stream banks, often in mixed stands with alder, up to 1,500 m.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native broadleaf
Oriental plane: Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education
The "species of November 2020" page calls it a native tree near ravines or water sources, very common along rivers in Akamas, Paphos and Troodos up to 1,600 m, rare or absent on the Mesaoria plain, and over 30 m tall. It says old trees inside forests are protected by the Department of Forests.
Source: kykpee.org
native broadleaf
Alder, willow, Lombardy poplar and Pistacia atlantica
The leaflet marks Alnus orientalis as native on river and stream banks up to 1,500 m, and lists Salix alba, Populus nigra and Pistacia atlantica as native "other remarkable trees", without habitat or altitude for those three.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native broadleaf
Kermes oak and the oak Quercus infectoria ssp. veneris
The leaflet marks Quercus infectoria ssp. veneris as native up to 1,300 m, not a dominant forest tree but forming small scattered groups, with giant trees in places. It lists Quercus coccifera ssp. calliprinos (kermes oak) as a native tall shrub with no habitat given.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native small tree
Terebinth (menengiç), Pistacia terebinthus
The leaflet lists it as a native tall shrub. The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides call it a typical companion species of the range, mainly in the undergrowth of sparse forests or in maquis, 2 to 6 m tall, with fruits used in Cyprus for baking a bread.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
native small tree
Greek strawberry tree (sandal), Arbutus andrachne
The leaflet marks it (N) and says it thrives up to 1,500 m. The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides list it as a companion species of the range's forests and maquis, 3 to 5 m tall, preferring lime-poor soils.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native shrub or tree
Wild olive, Olea europaea
The leaflet marks wild olive (N) in its lists of tall shrubs and pictures it as Olea europaea, wild olive. The cultivated olive groves and the locally grown olive variety are described on the olive page.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
native tree
Carob, Ceratonia siliqua
The leaflet lists Ceratonia siliqua among native "other remarkable trees". How the tree has been grown, harvested and processed is covered on the carob page.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy
other natives
Other native small trees and tall shrubs in the leaflet
The leaflet also marks as native Acer obtusifolium (maple, up to 1,500 m, on the Troodos and Pentadactylos ranges), Laurus nobilis, Styrax officinalis, Myrtus communis, Tamarix tetragyna, Rhamnus alaternus, Juniperus oxycedrus and Crataegus azarolus.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy

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Planted and introduced trees

Sources differ on two pines. The Department of Forests leaflet marks Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and stone pine (Pinus pinea) as native, while the Hohenheim pine slides say Aleppo pine does not occur natively on Cyprus and is occasionally planted, for example in the Alevkaya forest, and that stone pine is an archaeophyte cultivated for its edible seeds. This page reports both statements without choosing between them.

According to a 2018 paper by Near East University authors (İlseven and Baştaş), eucalyptus first came to Cyprus through the French arborist P. G. Madon, whom the Ottoman administration sent to Cyprus in 1876 to prepare a report on the existing forests; his first report was published in 1880. The paper places the planting in the British period. An article by G. W. Chapman, Conservator of Forests, Cyprus, in Unasylva Vol. 6 No. 4 (about 1952) says exotic species such as eucalyptus, Acacia cyanophylla and Casuarina were tried in afforestation.

Native trees are also planted. The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides describe Pinus brutia as a fast-growing tree used for reforestation and as a wood supplier, and suggest this could be a reason for today's pine forests in North Cyprus.

disputed status
Stone pine, Pinus pinea
The Hohenheim pine slides call it an archaeophyte on Cyprus, cultivated for its edible seeds, with an umbrella-shaped canopy and a height of 25 to 30 m. The Department of Forests leaflet instead marks it (N) among "other remarkable trees".
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
disputed status
Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis
The Hohenheim pine slides say it does not occur natively on Cyprus, is occasionally planted (for example in the Alevkaya forest) and hybridises naturally with Pinus brutia. The leaflet marks it (N) among "other remarkable trees".
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
planted native
Pinus brutia in reforestation
The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides say that, as a fast-growing tree, it is used for reforestation and as an economically important wood supplier. The Department of Forests leaflet says reforestations and afforestations in Cyprus are mainly with Pinus brutia.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
introduced tree
Eucalyptus on the Mesaoria plain (Near East University, 2018)
İlseven and Baştaş describe eucalyptus as one of the exotic species preferred on the Mesaoria plain, brought from Australia during British administration and raised in nurseries in Nicosia and Larnaca. They cite Yıkıcı (2015) for 62 eucalyptus types identified in Cyprus.
Source: ejmste.com
introduced tree
Exotic species tried in afforestation (Unasylva, G. W. Chapman)
Chapman writes that eucalyptus species were among the first exotics introduced and names Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. gomphocephala and E. occidentalis for marshy ground. He names Acacia cyanophylla as a pioneer species for sand drifts, says Pinus pinea is commonly planted or sown there, and says Casuarina equisetifolia is sometimes grown. It appears in Unasylva Vol. 6 No. 4 (about 1952).
Source: fao.org
planted native
Plane and cypress as planted trees
CYCERE says the plane can be planted alone in a large area or in rows as a pruned street or square shade tree. The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides say the Mediterranean cypress can be used for forestry or as an ornamental tree.
Source: kykpee.org
orchard trees
Olive, carob and citrus terraces on the Mesaoria edge
The Hohenheim overview slides describe the Mesaoria plain as mostly treeless because of cultivation, with terraces of olive, carob or citrus trees at its edges. Those cultivated trees are covered on the olive and carob pages.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de

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Fire, regeneration and protection of tree cover

A thesis from Istanbul University (Hamit Ayberk, 2000) on forest fires in the TRNC says forests cover about 18.4% of the country's area and that from 1975 to 1998 there were 911 forest and land fires burning about 25,389 hectares, most caused by carelessness and neglect. These are figures for that period, not current ones.

The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides say forest fires are frequent, that total prevention is not possible, and that measures include fire breaks, fire protection systems and awareness campaigns. They state that almost the entire range is a possible Natura 2000 area but that there were no official conservation areas within the Beşparmak mountains in 2019.

Fire matters for the endemic trees too. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page says a single fire could destroy most or all of the Cyprus cedar population, and that the stands have fire protection and monitoring.

TRNC thesis
Forest fires in the TRNC: Istanbul University thesis (2000)
The abstract gives forests as about 18.4% of the country's area and 911 forest and land fires with about 25,389 hectares burned between 1975 and 1998. It recommends stronger penalties, fire roads and lookout towers.
Source: acikbilim.yok.gov.tr
fire and conservation
Fire measures and conservation status of the Beşparmak range
The Hohenheim slides name fire breaks, installed fire protection systems and awareness campaigns, and note that only 6 of 35 wetlands in the range are natural. They say no official conservation areas existed in the range at the time of writing.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
regeneration
Oak regeneration projects
The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides call the regeneration of oak forests one of the most important objectives and describe an EU-funded "Oak for the Future" project supporting Aleppo oak populations. They add that Northern Cyprus has made plans for reforestation.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
fire ecology
Pinus brutia and fire
The Hohenheim pine slides say the species starts producing cones as early as its second year, that seeds withstand up to 150°C and sprout after wildfires, and that it is considered a pioneer species able to re-establish quickly. They also note that pine forests are very prone to wildfire.
Source: botanik.uni-hohenheim.de
fire and conservation
Cyprus cedar: protection measures
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page says fire is the main threat, that declining rainfall is linked to canopy die-back, and that stands are Natura 2000 sites with some National Nature Reserves since 1984 and 2000, grazing excluded, a fire protection system and ex situ gene bank plantations.
Source: threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk
fire followers
Cistus species as fire followers (leaflet)
The leaflet says four Cistus species are of high ecological value, especially as fire followers, and lists Calycotome villosa (thorny broom) as a common species up to 1,100 m. The Hohenheim slides say Calicotome villosa grows on soils exposed by deforestation or forest fires.
Source: pedoulas.org.cy

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Practical notes

Common and scientific names vary by source. Cyprus cedar is treated as a species (Cedrus brevifolia) in the leaflet and as a variety of the cedar of Lebanon by some botanists, according to Wikipedia; golden oak is also called dwarf oak there.
Troodos and the Paphos Forest lie in the area administered by the Republic of Cyprus. The statements about Cyprus cedar and golden oak are island-wide facts about those trees. The leaflet describes both as restricted, the cedar to the area around Tripylos peak and the oak to the Troodos mountain range, and none of the sources opened places either tree in the north.
The leaflet is a short 2008 publication with a two-column layout; it lists golden oak under B.1. Tall Shrubs. The Hohenheim slides are student seminar presentations, and the Wikipedia pages are secondary sources.
The sources disagree on the status of Aleppo pine and stone pine on Cyprus (native in the leaflet, planted or introduced in the Hohenheim slides). This page reports both and does not resolve it.
No species list from the TRNC Forestry Department was found among the sources opened, so TRNC-specific tree records here rest on Hohenheim (2019), the Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education and the 2000 Istanbul University thesis.

Frequently asked questions

Which trees are endemic to Cyprus?

The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) calls Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) the only endemic tree of Cyprus. It lists golden oak (Quercus alnifolia) under B.1. Tall Shrubs and marks it endemic too, so this page calls it an endemic woody plant. The leaflet places the cedar around Tripylos in the Paphos Forest and the oak on the Troodos range.

Does the Cyprus cedar grow in North Cyprus?

None of the sources opened places it there. The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) restricts it to the area around Tripylos peak in the Paphos Forest, and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh page lists five natural stands in the Troodos Mountains in western Cyprus.

Where does the golden oak grow?

The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) and the Hohenheim slides (2019) restrict golden oak to the Troodos range, the leaflet giving 500 to 1,800 m. Wikipedia describes an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 10 m at 400 to 1,800 m.

What is the main forest tree of the Kyrenia range?

The Hohenheim Beşparmak slides (2019) name Turkish pine, Pinus brutia, as the main tree of today's Beşparmak forests and Mediterranean cypress as the second most frequent. The Hohenheim pine slides (2019) list the Kyrenia Mountains among the places where Pinus brutia occurs in large populations.

Is the Mediterranean cypress native to Cyprus?

Plants of the World Online lists Cyprus in the native range of Cupressus sempervirens, and the Department of Forests leaflet (2008) marks it native and abundant on the Pentadactylos range. The Hohenheim slides (2019) also describe it as usable as an ornamental tree.

Where does the oriental plane grow in Cyprus?

The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) says it grows along river and stream banks up to 1,500 m, and the Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education (page of November 2020) names Akamas, Paphos and Troodos and says it is rare or absent on the Mesaoria plain. None of the sources opened places it in the north.

Is Aleppo pine native to Cyprus?

Sources differ. The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) marks Pinus halepensis as native, while the Hohenheim pine slides (2019) say it does not occur natively on Cyprus and is occasionally planted, for example in the Alevkaya forest.

Are eucalyptus trees native to Cyprus?

Near East University authors (2018) describe eucalyptus as an exotic species brought from Australia during British administration. They name a French arborist, Madon, sent by the Ottoman administration in 1876 to prepare a report on the forests; his first report was published in 1880. The paper does not use the word non-native itself.

Which juniper grows in the Karpaz peninsula?

The Department of Forests leaflet (2008) names the Karpasia peninsula among places where Phoenician juniper (Juniperus phoenicea) occurs, and the Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education (page of March 2020) names Karpasias among places with preserved juniper forests.

Sources

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Native and endemic trees of Cyprus and North Cyprus

How the sources label native, endemic and introduced trees

Native (N) and endemic (E) in the Department of Forests leaflet

Four categories of forest land in the leaflet

Native, introduced and unclear-status taxa (Hohenheim)

Pinus brutia in Plants of the World Online (Kew)

Cupressus sempervirens in Plants of the World Online (Kew)

Conservation categories quoted for the endemic woody plants

Endemic to Cyprus: Cyprus cedar, the only endemic tree, and golden oak, listed as a tall shrub

Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia): range in the leaflet

Cyprus cedar: stands, numbers and threats

Cyprus cedar: taxonomy and Cedar Valley (Wikipedia, secondary)

Golden oak (Quercus alnifolia): range in the leaflet

Golden oak in the Hohenheim overview

Golden oak: habit and assessment (Wikipedia, secondary)

Native conifers: pine, cypress and juniper

Calabrian pine, Pinus brutia: leaflet entry

Pinus brutia: distribution (Hohenheim)

Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens: leaflet entry

Cypress and pine together: dry southern slopes

Phoenician juniper, Juniperus phoenicea: leaflet entry

Phoenician juniper: Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education

Troodos conifers: Troodos pine and Troodos juniper

Native broadleaved trees and small trees

Oriental plane, Platanus orientalis: leaflet entry

Oriental plane: Cyprus Center for Environmental Research and Education

Alder, willow, Lombardy poplar and Pistacia atlantica

Kermes oak and the oak Quercus infectoria ssp. veneris

Terebinth (menengiç), Pistacia terebinthus

Greek strawberry tree (sandal), Arbutus andrachne

Wild olive, Olea europaea

Carob, Ceratonia siliqua

Other native small trees and tall shrubs in the leaflet

Planted and introduced trees

Stone pine, Pinus pinea

Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis

Pinus brutia in reforestation

Eucalyptus on the Mesaoria plain (Near East University, 2018)

Exotic species tried in afforestation (Unasylva, G. W. Chapman)

Plane and cypress as planted trees

Olive, carob and citrus terraces on the Mesaoria edge

Fire, regeneration and protection of tree cover

Forest fires in the TRNC: Istanbul University thesis (2000)

Fire measures and conservation status of the Beşparmak range

Oak regeneration projects

Pinus brutia and fire

Cyprus cedar: protection measures

Cistus species as fire followers (leaflet)

Practical notes

Frequently asked questions

Sources

Questions about North Cyprus?